Macedonia Climate
The climate of Macedonia Macedonia has a moderate continental climate with warm dry summers and cool winters with fairly much (wintry) precipitation.
Geography of Republic of Macedonia Continent Europe Region Coordinates Area. Total 25,713 km 2 (9,928 sq mi). Land 96.67%. Water 3.33% Borders 766 km Highest point, 2,764 m Lowest point (near ), 50 m Longest river Vardar, 388 km Largest lake 348 km 2 The is a country situated in Europe with, bordering and to the north, to the east, to the south and to the west. The country is part of the wider and makes up most of. The country is a major transportation corridor from and to and the. Macedonia is a landlocked country but has three major natural lakes:,. It has a water area of 857 km 2, while its land area is 24,856 km 2., Macedonia belongs to the Illyrian province of the within the. According to the and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the, Macedonia's territory can be subdivided into four: the,.
Satellite image of Macedonia in December The east border with Bulgaria has length of approximately 148 km. The settled boundary from Yugoslavia and the was accepted after the independence in 1992. The boundary starts from the tripoint with Greece, the boundary runs north, crossing the and then rising to the watershed which it follows northwards and then north-westwards to the tripoint with Serbia. The south border that splits Macedonia from Greece is 228 km long and it is the longest Macedonian border. The border was marked with the on 10 August 1913.
The border starts from the tripoint with Albania, in, the boundary runs in a straight line eastwards across the lake and then continues in the north of east trend across the relief to the Voras Oros, where it turns north-eastwards. It traverses the watershed of the Voras Oros and then continues eastwards along the watershed before dropping to the valley of Vardar river. The boundary continues eastwards and then turns north across the, before, on the latitude of, turning east to the tripoint with Bulgaria on Mount Tumba. The boundary with Albania was marked first in 1926 and then remarked with the in 1947. The boundary starts from the tripoint with Kosovo and follows a watershed before crossing, and for a short distance, following the river and continuing along a crest line to.
It crosses the lake, leaving approximately one-third in Albania, traverses a high ridge and meets the tripoint with Greece in Lake Prespa. Topography. Landscape of Mount Korab – the highest mountain in the country Macedonia is a that is geographically clearly defined by a central valley formed by the Vardar river and framed along its borders by mountain ranges.
The terrain is mostly rugged, located between the and, which frame the valley of the river. Three large lakes — Lake Ohrid, Lake Prespa and Dojran Lake — lie on the southern borders, bisected by the frontiers with Albania and Greece. Ohrid is considered to be one of the oldest lakes and biotopes in the world. The region is seismically active and has been the site of destructive earthquakes in the past, most recently in 1963 when Skopje was heavily damaged by a major earthquake, killing over 1,000. Macedonia also has scenic mountains.
They belong to two different: the first is the that continues to the West Vardar/Pelagonia group of mountains (, and ), also known as the. The second range is the – mountain chain, also known as the. The mountains belonging to the Šar Mountains and the West Vardar/Pelagonia range are younger and higher than the older mountains that are part of the Osogovo-Belasica mountain group. The ten highest mountains in Macedonia are: Rank Name Height (m) Height (ft). Golemo Ezero, glacial lake located at 2218 m altitude in the mountains In the Republic of Macedonia there are 1,100 large sources of water. The rivers flow into three different basins: the Aegean, the and that Black Sea basin. The Aegean basin is the largest.
It covers 87% of the territory of the Republic, which is 22,075 km 2., the largest river in this basin, drains 80% of the territory or 20,459 km 2. Its valley plays an important part in the economy and the communication system of the country. The project named The Vardar Valley is considered to be crucial for the strategic development of the country. The river ) forms the Adriatic basin, which covers an area of about 3,320 km², i. 13% of the territory. It issues from Lakes Prespa and Ohrid. The Black Sea basin is the smallest with only 37 km² It covers the northern side of Mount.
Here is the source of the river which joins the and later the, which eventually flows into the Black Sea. Despite being a landlocked country, Macedonia has three large lakes (Ohrid, and ), three artificial lakes and roughly 50 ponds. There are nine spa resorts in Macedonia: Banište, Banja Bansko, Istibanja, Katlanovo, Kosovrasti, Banja Kočani, Kumanovski Banji and Negorci.
River Vardar. Vardar in The Vardar is the longest and most important river in the Republic of Macedonia.
It is 388 km (241 mi) long, and drains an area of around 25,000 km 2 (9,700 sq mi). The river rises at Vrutok, a few kilometers north of in the Republic of Macedonia. It passes through Gostivar, Skopje and into Veles, crosses the Greek border near, and, before emptying into the Aegean Sea in west of in northern Greece. The Vardar basin includes two-thirds of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. For that the area is called 'Vardar Macedonia' after the river, to distinguish it from 'Aegean Macedonia' (in Greece) and ' (in Bulgaria). The valley comprises fertile lands in, Gevgelija and other parts. The river is surrounded by mountains elsewhere.
Climate In Macedonia
The M1 / E75, connecting with, runs through the valley along the river's entire length to near Skopje. The river is depicted on the coat of arms of Skopje, which in turn is incorporated in the city's flag. Lake Ohrid. Topographic map of Lakes Ohrid and Prespa While Lake Ohrid is special as such, by far the most spectacular quality is its impressive endemism. Similar to or, Lake Ohrid harbors endemic species covering the whole food-chain, from and sestile algae (20 species; e.g., Cyclotella fottii), over plant species (2 species; e.g., Chara ohridana), zooplankton (5 species; e.g., Cyclops ochridanus), fish (8 species; e.g., Pachychilon pictus), to predatory fish (2 trout species; Salmo letnica and 'Belvica' Acantholingua ohridana) and finally its diverse endemic bottom fauna (176 species; e.g.
Ochridagammarus solidus), with particularly large endemism among, sponges. There are three cities on the lake's shores: and on the Macedonian side; in Albania. There are also several fishing villages, although tourism is now a more significant part of their income.
The catchment area of the lake has a population of around 170,000 people, with 131,000 people living directly at the lake shore (43,000 in Albania and 88,000 in the Republic of Macedonia). Lake Prespa.
Main article: Dojran Lake, located in southeastern Macedonia, is the smallest of the three major lakes with an area of 42.7 km². It is shared between the Republic of Macedonia (27.1 km²) and Greece (15.6 km²). The town of is situated on the west coast of the lake, while the Greek village of lies to the east. To the north is the mountain and to the south is the Greek town of.
The lake is round in shape, has a maximum depth of 10 metres, has a north-to-south length of 8.9 km, and is 7.1 km at its widest. Flora and fauna. The Macedonian pine or molika, one of Macedonia's most recognizable trees The flora of Macedonia is represented with around 210, 920, and around 3,700 plant.
The most abundant group are the with around 3,200 species, which is followed by mosses (350 species) and (42)., Macedonia belongs to the Illyrian province of the within the. According to the and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the, the territory of the Republic can be subdivided into four: the,.
The fauna of Macedonian forests is abundant and includes bears, foxes,. The is found, although very rarely, in the mountains of western Macedonia, while deer can be found in the region of. Forest birds include the, the, the, the and the forest owl. The three artificial lakes of the country represent a separate fauna zone, an indication of long-lasting territorial and temporal isolation. The fauna of Lake Ohrid is a relict of an earlier era and the lake is widely known for its letnica trout, podust, and pior, as well as for certain species of snails of a genus older than 30 million years; similar species can only be found in. Lake Ohrid is also noted in zoology texts for the and its baffling reproductive cycle: it comes to Lake Ohrid from the, located in the Atlantic Ocean, and lurks in the depths of the lake for ten years.
When sexually mature, the eel is driven by unexplained instincts in the autumn to return to its point of birth. There it spawns and dies, leaving its offspring to seek out Lake Ohrid to begin the cycle anew. Minerals and ores Macedonia is rich in low-grade ore,. Also it is one of possibly two places in the world where the mineral is found. Land use. 16.1% of the country's territory is. 1.36% of permanent.
82.54% – other. According to 2004 estimates, there are 1278 km 2 of irrigated land, and 6.4 km 3 of total renewable water resources. Degradation and protection of the environment. The in July 2007, fires were particularly visible in Greece, Albania and Macedonia In July 2007, fires were particularly visible in Greece, Albania and Macedonia. The environment is preserved in areas impractical and sparsely populated.
In addition, the country has three major national parks, created under the regime of 1948–1958. The parks of Pelister, Mavrovo and Galičica cover an area of 108,250 acres (438.1 km 2) and allow for the protection of natural areas by their exceptional geological setting, their fauna and flora. The ornithological reserve of Ezerani, north of, is 2,000 hectares big and is home to sixty animals protected by the. However, if it is protected where man has little access, nature is threatened the outskirts of towns and villages. Indeed, in order to make Macedonia, formerly rural and poor, a modern and prosperous country, the Yugoslav communist regime established many factories, often highly polluting. These factories, located mainly in the regions of and Skopje are still functioning.
The emissions of waste pollutants have decreased after 1991, after independence, because many companies have gone bankrupt or have reduced their activity after the transition to a market economy. The other danger of degradation of nature lies in waste. Indeed, only the city of Skopje has a processing center for household waste in the rest of the country, so they are left in open dumps. The lack of resources and political will behind these fatal neglect for the environment. Macedonia is also experiencing serious problems in water management. The country, however should be able to secure its water through its dams and its sources. In summer, water restrictions are common.
The summer period is also marked by the devastation of forests by wildfire. In 2008, six million trees were planted in Macedonia to regenerate damaged forests. The environmental degradation nevertheless mobilizes local groups and Macedonia is a signatory to international treaties like the.
The three national parks:. Panorama of and the plain of The Republic of Macedonia consists primarily of rural country towns, with only 45% of the population concentrated in the larger towns and cities. Skopje, with more than 500,000 inhabitants, is by far the largest city in the country. The surrounding region, one of the few plains of the country, includes several other cities, like and., and other significant cities, are located in the plain of Pelagonia in the south. The rest of the population is concentrated in the valley of the Vardar and the few other basins and plains of the country., which is developing very fast since the communist era of Yugoslavia, has led to uncontrolled and illegal constructions. Other cities have not grown as fast as the capital, which has gained more than 300,000 inhabitants between 1948 and 1981.
Bitola, Prilep and, the three other major cities, did not exceed 30,000 inhabitants in 1948 and have barely reached 100,000 people since. Kumanovo, which is the second largest city of Macedonia, had only 105,000 inhabitants in 2002, which is substantial difference comparing it with the population of the capital Skopje – 506,000 inhabitants. Population of the most populous Macedonian. The of Macedonia according to the ethnic majority (in yellow, the, in orange the, in green, in blue municipalities with mixed ethnic groups) The are the largest ethnic group in the country, accounting for 64.2% of the total population, according to the 2002 census.
They speak the and most are. Are the country's largest minority, making up one-quarter of the total population. They live mainly in the west and northwest. The, who comprise nearly 4% of the population, are mostly scattered, though they form a majority in two municipalities ( and ).
The make up 2.7% of the population and are also concentrated throughout Macedonia, while the, who form just under 2% of the total population, live mostly in the north of the country. Administrative divisions. Map of the Macedonian municipalities (urban municipalities in blue, are distinguished from rural municipalities which are in green) Macedonia is divided into eight statistical regions:,. The country is further divided into 84 municipalities. Until 1996, there were 123 municipalities, but several laws aimed at increasing the rights of minorities decreased the number of municipalities and modified their overall role. Skopje, the nation's capital, is itself divided into ten municipalities. Economic geography Macedonia, like most countries in Eastern Europe, has a developing economy.
Under Yugoslavia, Macedonia saw the establishment of many factories and the significant modernisation of the country, especially after the devastating. Since independence in 1991, Macedonia has suffered the transition to market economy. Greece, which believes that the republic is monopolising the cultural and historical heritage of Macedonia, imposed an embargo in 1993 and has prevented the country's accession to organisations like the. In 1995, the Greek embargo was lifted and Macedonia was able to access the IMF and World Bank. The country still suffers, however, from its isolation and lack of foreign investment. In 2007, the unemployment rate was estimated at 32% and the provided about 20% of the Gross Domestic Product.
Characteristics and advantages The Republic of Macedonia's geographical positioning provides it with many advantages. One advantage is the geographical position of the country. It is the center of the, between and, and, between the and Black Sea. The Vardar valley forms a natural corridor, which connects Greece to the rest of Europe. This corridor is crossed by the highway E75, which crosses in Europe and connects Scandinavia with. This highway has also been renovated in Macedonia with the, and the communication channels that connect the Adriatic to the Black Sea, called the Corridor VIII, were also upgraded and maintained through international assistance including the one.
Macedonia is also rich with minerals. The country in fact has substantial deposits of and other nonferrous metals like,. The country also has gypsum mines, and, located in Pelagonia., provides 80% of the Macedonian electricity.
In addition to mines and quarries, the country has large cement plants and large complexes of metal, created by the communist regime. Is encouraged by the significant water resources, managed by dams and canals. The presence of hot springs of volcanic origin can heat the greenhouses in winter, particularly in the region, whose products include and in the month of February.
Macedonia Climate And Weather
Different climates provide opportunities for various productions in the geographical area, so the and are operated in the south, the in the region of which is largely irrigated, and the wood industry is concentrated around. Agriculture contributes a significant share of exports, especially with the wine and tobacco. The low cost of labor also helps the textile industry. With a view of the, the most popular destination for tourists in Macedonia The Republic of Macedonia receives about 1,000,000 tourists annually and experiences a constant increase of visitors.
The number of domestic tourists in the period from January to March 2008 compared to the same period of the previous year, increased 23.5%. While the number of foreign tourists in March 2008 compared to March 2007 increased 44.7%. In 2007, Lake Ohrid had received about 250,000 domestic and foreign tourists. In February 2009, nearly 28,000 tourists, or 3.2% more than the same month last year, visited Macedonia.
Macedonia Climate And Best Time To Visit
There was also an 8% increase in the number of foreign visitors to the country. The summer of 2009 was the city of 's best tourist season with 135,000 overnight visitors, an increase of 12.5% compared to the previous year. The tourist capital of Macedonia, Ohrid, has been listed as an UNESCO since 1979. See also.